Everything else that moves the number
Weather at the ground, altitude, the crowd, the journey, rest, the referee, the news. Each one is graded: physics, fitted on our own results, literature with a named source, or informational and kept out of the price.
Every factor here is a published model
Nothing on this page is a fudge factor. Each one is a fitted or physical model with a source, and each is documented in the Quant Library.
Keller's runner
Two differential equations for a finite engine over a fixed distance. Altitude, heat, shoes and drafting all enter through the aerobic supply rather than the force.
Read the spec →FuellingThe carbohydrate wall
What the legs, the liver and the feed zone can supply against what the pace demands, and the fastest pace where the two balance.
Read the spec →GearGraded, not claimed
Shoes, spikes, rackets, suits and balls, each with the grade of the evidence behind its number, and the categories where there is no measurable effect at all.
Compare the kit →